Two years into the brutal civil war in Sudan, international and regional efforts aimed at achieving a ceasefire have stalled. Since the start of the war on April 15, 2023, hundreds of thousands have died, over 12 million have been displaced, and thousands of lives have been impacted by cholera and famine.

Several mediation efforts have attempted to facilitate a resolution to the conflict, but their processes has been hindered by a lack of genuine political commitment from the warring parties, external interference and civilian fragmentation. As of yet, international peace initiatives have been largely ineffective and competitive, exposing the (fragmented) international order’s inability to end the war.